Researchers Use Embryonic Stem Cells to Repair Massive Skull Injury
By Regina Sass, published Dec 03, 2007
Researchers at John Hopkins University have been able to repair
damaged skulls in mice by using bone tissue that they grew from human
embryonic stem cells. They have been able to heal defects in the flat
bones that for the skull that would not be able to heal on their own.
They isolated mesenchymal precursor cells, which are cells capable of
becoming various types of tissues like bone, cartilage, fat, tendon
and muscle, from human embryonic stem cells. They then steered them
into regenerating bone by the use of time scaffolds, which are tiny
three-dimensional platforms that they made from biomaterialsm which
are most important. They showed that by changer the material that
they made the scaffold out of, they could steer the mesenchymal
precursor cells into one of two different pathways, the
intramembraneous, which is responsible for making the bones that make
up the skull, jaw, and clavicle or the endochondral which is
responsible for building the long bones and the cartilage, which is
then made into bone by a process called mineralization.
When they grew the mesenchymal precursor cells on a scaffold that was
made of an all polymer substance, then the cells followed the
endochondral line. If they were grown on a composite scaffold that
was constructed of a combinbation of biodegradable polymers and a
mineral called hydroxyapatite, the cells went to the intramembraneous
side.
By using a three-dimensional scaffold, the cells are able to grow and
form the different cells that are needed to form functional tissues.
Control measures like this are essential to growing stem cells that
can be used for different applications, because if they are left to
grow on their own in a culture, the hESCs differentiate wildy and
form too many different types of cells, which are useless for cell-
based therapy or for studying particular cell lines.
http://www.associat
nic_stem_cells.
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StemCells subscribers may also be interested in these sites:
Children's Neurobiological Solutions
http://www.CNSfoundation.org/
Cord Blood Registry
http://www.CordBlood.com/at.cgi?a=150123
The CNS Healing Group
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CNS_Healing
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