Bone marrow cells can heal nerves in diabetes model
February 4th, 2009 in Medicine & Health / Research
Transplanting cells that replenish blood vessels can also restore
nerve function in an animal model of diabetic neuropathy, Emory
researchers have found. The results are described online this week in
the journal Circulation.
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The majority of people with diabetes have some form of neuropathy--
damage to the peripheral nerves that can cause a loss of sensation in
hands, arms, feet or legs. The damage, caused by high blood sugar,
occurs gradually and in advanced cases can lead to amputation.
Scientists have connected the damage to problems with peripheral
nerves' blood supply.
Cultured cells from the bone marrow can promote the regrowth of both
blood vessels and the protective lining of nerves in the limbs of
diabetic animals, a team led by Young-sup Yoon, MD, PhD, associate
professor of medicine (cardiology) at Emory University School of
Medicine, found.
Bone marrow is thought to contain endothelial progenitor cells
(EPCs), which can divide into endothelial cells, forming a "patch"
for damaged blood vessels.
Yoon's team cultured bone marrow cells in a way designed to enrich
them for EPCs and injected them next to the sciatic nerves of
diabetic mice. The sciatic nerve is a large nerve that runs from the
back to the rear leg. The mice were made diabetic by giving them
streptozocin, a drug that poisons insulin-producing cells in the
pancreas.
The team found that over several weeks, nerve signal speed and
sensitivity to temperature were restored to normal in diabetic mice
injected with the bone marrow cells.
A fraction of the bone marrow cells appear to become endothelial
cells although many of them retain characteristics that make them
look like white blood cells. However, they secrete molecules that
stimulate the growth of both endothelial cells and Schwann cells,
which protect and insulate peripheral nerves, the authors found.
Bone marrow-derived EPCs have also been used in studies of heart
muscle repair after heart attack. However, most previous studies
indicate that they disappear from the heart muscle after a few weeks.
"We were surprised to find that in this specific environment, they
engraft and survive longer than in other tissues," Yoon says. "These
cells appear to home to peripheral nerves."
Reference: J.O. Jeong et al. Dual angiogenic and neurotrophic effects
of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells on diabetic
neuropathy. Circulation 119: 699-708.
Source: Emory University
http://www.physorg.
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