Pioneering induction of bone formation using embryonic stem cells
Science Centric | 13 May 2008 16:27 GMT
at the University of Twente break new ground by successfully
creating bone tissue 'in vivo,' using embryonic stem cells. They
imitated bone formation in embryos and children, which uses cartilage
as a template. This new approach appears to be a promising way of
repairing bone defects. This week, the researchers' findings are
presented in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(PNAS).
Previous attempts to create bone using embryonic stem cells were
unsuccessful. In the lab, there was clear evidence that these stem
cells were differentiating into the bone lineage 'in vitro,' however
this process stalled after implantation and no bone tissue was
formed. Yet, this approach did lead to bone formation when cultured
adult stem cells from bone marrow were used. This direct approach is,
amongst others, involved in the formation of the bone found in the
skull. The researchers at Twente have now adopted a different
approach.
While searching for a suitable scaffold to use for cartilage tissue
engineering with mouse embryonic stem cells, the researchers selected
a ceramic material that is often used as bone void filler. Other
materials appeared to be unsuitable or they made it difficult to
locate the implanted cells. In the lab, mouse embryonic stem cells
were seeded onto this ceramic material and induced into the
developmental pathway leading to cartilage formation. Following
implantation under the skin of a mouse, however, the cartilage tissue
developed further, and was replaced by bone. Bone formation via
cartilage as a template proved to be an efficient, if unexpected,
approach. Furthermore, this is the way in which most of the bones in
the embryo are formed. Bone growth in children also occurs via this
process, known as endochondral ossification.
In their article, the researchers show that bone tissue is also
formed in a bone defect. To demonstrate this, a scaffold with cells
that had already formed cartilage, was implanted into a rat with a
defect in its skull. Besides under the skin, bone was also formed in
this bone defect. Therefore, this approach seems to be a promising
new technique for repairing damaged bone.
Source: University of Twente
http://www.sciencec
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StemCells subscribers may also be interested in these sites:
Children's Neurobiological Solutions
http://www.CNSfoundation.org/
Cord Blood Registry
http://www.CordBlood.com/at.cgi?a=150123
The CNS Healing Group
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CNS_Healing
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